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XII.6
High-Efficiency (Energy Saving)
Electromagnetic Ballast
Ballast with core & coils, designed to minimize
ballast losses compared to the “standard”
ballast .
High-Bay Lighting
Lighting designed for (typically) industrial
locations with a ceiling height of 25 feet and
above.
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamp
A general term for mercury, metal halide and
high-pressure sodium lamps. HID lamps contain
compact arc tubes which enclose various gases
and metal salts operating at relatively high
pressures and temperatures.
High Output/Very High Output (HO, VHO)
Lamps
Designation for lamps generating more light
than standard lamps.
High Power Factor
A ballast or lamp with integral electronics
whose power factor is corrected to 90% or
greater.
High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamp
HPS lamps are high intensity discharge light
sources that produce light by an electrical
discharge through sodium vapor operating at
relatively high pressures and temperatures.
GE markets these lamps under the trade
name of Lucalox™.
Hot Restart Time
Time it takes for a High Intensity Discharge
lamp to reach 90% of light output after going
from on to off to on.
I
I-Line
A GE designation for a family of metal halide
lamps which will operate on a mercury ballast .
Designed as a simple retrofit for mercury lamp.
Ignitor
An electronic device providing a high voltage
pulse to initiate an electrical discharge.
Typically, the ignitor is paired with or is a part of
the ballast (See STARTER).
Illuminance
The “density” of light (lumens/area) incident
on a surface; i.e. the light level on a surface.
Illuminance is measured in footcandles or lux.
Illuminance Meter
A device that measures the illuminance at a
location calibrated either in footcandles or in
lux. (Also know as a light meter - See COSINE
CORRECTED).
Incandescent Lamp
A light source that generates light utilizing a
thin filament wire (usually of tungsten) heated
to white heat by an electric current passing
through it .
Indirect Lighting
The method of lighting a space by directing
the light from luminaires upwards towards
the ceiling. The light scattered off the ceiling
produces a soft , diffuse illumination for the
entire area.
Induction Lighting
Gases can be excited directly by radio-
frequency or microwaves from a coil that
creates induced electromagnetic fields. This is
called induction lighting and it differs from a
conventional discharge, which uses electrodes
to carry current into the arc. Induction lamps
have no electrodes inside the chamber and
generally, therefore, have longer life than
standard lamps.
Infrared Radiation
Electromagnetic energy radiated in the
wavelength range of about 770 to 1,000,000
nanometers. Energy in this range cannot be
seen by the human eye, but can be sensed as
heat by the skin.
Input Voltage
Power supply voltage required for proper
operation of fluorescent or HID ballast .
Input Watts
The total power input to the ballast that
includes lamp watts and ballast losses. The total
power input to the fixture is the input watts to
the ballast or ballasts and is the value to be
used when calculating cost of energy and air
conditioning loads. More than 90% of the input
watts is wattage or power delivered to the lamp
load with typical ballast .
Instant Start
A type of ballast designed to start fluorescent
lamps as soon as the power is applied. Most
T8 fluorescent lamps are being operated on
electronic instant-start ballasts.
Slimline fluorescent lamps operate only on
instant-start circuits.
Instant-Start Lamp
A fluorescent lamp, usually with a single pin at
each end, approved to operate on instant-start
ballasts. The lamp is ignited by a high voltage
without any filament heating.
Integral
A popular term for a lamp which includes
a built-in ballast (CFL or HID), driver (LED) or
transformer (halogen).
Intensity Bin
LEDs are often sorted according to their
luminous intensity values into different
groupings or “bins”.
Inverse Square Law
Formula stating that if you double the distance
from the light source, the light level goes down
by a factor of 4, if you triple the distance, it goes
down by a factor of 9, and so on.
Isocandela Plot
A plot with lines connecting points of equal
luminous intensity around a source.
Isolux Plot (or Isofootcandle Plot)
A line plotted to show points of equal
illuminance (lux or footcandles) on a surface
illuminated by a source or sources.
K
Kelvin
A unit of temperature starting from absolute
zero, parallel to the Celsius (or Centigrade) scale.
0C is 273K.
Kilowatt [kW]
The measure of electrical power equal to
1000 watts.
Kilowatt Hour [kWh]
The standard measure of electrical energy and
the typical billing unit used by electrical utilities
for electricity use. A 100-watt lamp operated for
10 hours consumes 1000 watt-hours (100 x 10)
or one kilowatt-hour. If the utility charges $.10/
kWh, then the electricity cost for the 10 hours of
operation would be 10 cents (1 x $.10)
L
Laminations
Layers of steel, making up the “core” that is
surrounded by the coils in a core & coil ballast .