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XII.11
Glossary
T
T12, T8, T5
A designation for the diameter of a tubular bulb
in eighths of an inch; T12 is 12 eighths of an
inch, or 1-1/2 inches; T8 is 1 inch, and so on.
Task Lighting
Supplemental lighting provided to assist in
performing a localized task, e.g. a table lamp
for reading or an inspection lamp for fabric
inspection.
Terminal-to-Terminal Starting Lamp Voltage
(VRMS) (Minimum or Maximum)
The minimum or maximum voltage allowed into
lamp from ballast under varying conditions as
specified.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
A measure of the distortion caused by ballasts
and other inductive loads of the input current
on alternating current (AC) power systems
caused by higher order harmonics of the
fundamental frequency (60Hz in North America).
THD is expressed in percent and may refer to
individual electrical loads (such as ballast) or a
total electrical circuit or system in a building.
ANSI C82.77 recommends THD not exceed 32%
for individual commercial electronic ballasts,
although some electrical utilities may require
lower THDs on some systems. Excessive THDs
on electrical systems can cause efficiency
losses as well as overheating and deterioration
of system components.
Transients
High voltage surges through an electrical
system caused by lightning strikes to nearby
transformers, overhead lines or the ground.
May also be caused by switching of motors
or compressors, as well as by short circuits or
utility system switching. Can lead to premature
ballast failure (see TVSS).
Troffer
A long, recessed lighting unit , usually installed
in an opening in the ceiling.
Tungsten-Halogen Lamp
(See HALOGEN LAMP).
TVSS
Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors, which will
protect ballasts and other electronic equipment
from transient high-voltage spikes that may be
present in the power line.
Two-Pin Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Type of lamps that have the glow bottle starter
built into the base of the lamp. Traditionally
2-pin lamps are designed to work with
electromagnetic ballasts (see FOUR-PIN
COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS).
U
Uniform Code Council (UCC)
The 12 digit case code derived from the last
12 digits of the 14 digit SCC code on GE’s case
content label.
Uniform Product Code (UPC)
The 12 digit code on the saleable unit that is
used for scanning at the register.
Ultra
A common way of referring to high-efficiency.
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
For practical purposes, any radiant energy
within the range of 100–380 nanometers.
It is beyond the blue or violet region of the
spectrum, and is invisible to the eye just like
the silent “ultrasound” dog whistle is inaudible
to the ear.
UV is divided into 3 regions:
UVA
100 to 280 nm
UVB
280 to 315 nm
UVC
315 to 400 nm
Some wavelengths (180–220) produce ozone,
some (220–300) are bactericidal, some
(280–320) erythemal (redden human skin);
others (320–400) cause secondary luminance
(black light).
V
Valance Lighting
Lighting from light sources on a wall typically
above eye level, shielded by horizontal panels.
The light may be upward or downward directed.
Veiling Reflection
Effective reduction in contrast between task
and its background caused by the reflection of
light rays; sometimes called “reflected glare”.
You might have dealt with veiling reflections
when you have to tilt a shiny magazine to avoid
glare so as to read it , or struggled with reading
a computer monitor because of the reflection of
a window or a light fixture (See GLARE).
Vio™
GE’s unique LED platform that provides best in
class quality and stability of light from LED’s,
due to its unique use of violet chips combined
with proprietary phosphors.
Visual Comfort Probability (VCP)
For a given lighting scheme, VCP is a ratio
expressed as a percent of people who, when
viewing from a specific location and in a
specified direction, find the system acceptable
in terms of glare (See GLARE).
Visual Task
The task associated with seeing; objects and
details that must be seen to perform an activity.
Volt
A measure of “electrical pressure” between two
points. The higher the voltage, the more current
will be pushed through a resistor connected
across the points. The volt specification of an
incandescent lamp is the electrical “pressure”
required to drive it at its designed point . The
“voltage” of a ballast (e.g. 277 V) refers to the
line voltage it must be connected to.
Voltage
A measurement of the electromotive force in
an electrical circuit or device expressed in volts.
Voltage can be thought of as being analogous
to the pressure in a waterline.
Voltage (Design)
For Automotive lamps, voltage at which the
lamp is designed to provide the amperes,
candlepower, and laboratory life characteristics.
For Projection lamps, the voltage shown is
the design voltage of the lamp, on which the
life and wattage ratings are based. Lamps for
which 115-120 is shown in the Volts column are
designed at 118 volts. Lamps are available only
in the design voltage(s) shown. When ordering
lamps listed for more than one voltage, be sure
to specify the voltage required. (Supply voltage
variation can significantly affect lamp life.)
Voltage Surge
Transient spikes in line voltage that can be
harmful to electronic equipment like computers
and electronic ballasts. Surge suppressors are
often used to protect against such transients.