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XII.1
Glossary
A
Accent Lighting
Directional lighting to emphasize a particular
object or draw attention to a display item.
Adaptation
The process by which the human eye adjusts to
a change in light level.
Ambient Lighting
The general lighting present in an area
-excluding task lighting and accent lighting
but including general lighting and daylight
streaming in.
Ambient Temperature
The surrounding temperature within an
environment .
Amperes (“Amps.”)
A measure of electrical current . In incandescent
lamps, the current is related to voltage and
power as follows: Watts (power) = Volts x Amps
(current).
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
A consensus-based organization which
coordinates voluntary standards for the
physical, electrical and performance
characteristics of lamps, ballasts, luminaires
and other lighting and electrical equipment .
Anode
The “positive” terminal of a diode.
ANSI Ballast Type
Ballast type used to operate lamp in
accordance with ANSI standard.
ANSI Codes
These are 3-letter codes assigned by the
American National Standards Institute. They
provide a system of assuring mechanical and
electrical interchangeability among similarly
coded lamps from various manufacturers.
General Electric uses the assigned ANSI Codes as
Lamp Ordering Codes for most Projection Lamps.
Application
Also called “lighting application,” it refers to the
particular use the lamp is being put to. (e.g.
high-bay industrial application or retail lighting
application.) The term can also refer in a general
way to “application engineering” which deals
with specific parameters and usage of light
sources. (e.g. how to do a lighting layout , where
to place fixtures and so on.)
Arc
A general term for a high intensity electrical
discharge occurring between two electrodes in
a gaseous medium, usually accompanied by
the generation of heat and the emission of light
(See ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE).
Arc Lamp
A light source containing an arc (see above).
Also called a discharge lamp, or an arc
discharge lamp (See ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE).
Arc Length
In High Intensity Discharge lamps this is
the distance between the electrode tips,
which represents the physical length of the
electrical discharge.
Atmosphere
This field designates the type of gas or vacuum
filling a volume or chamber of the lamp. This
chamber might contain a filament or it might
refer to the bulb which contains the arc tube.
Auto Reset Shutdown Circuit
Circuit senses lamp end life and will automatically
shut off power to the lamp(s). When a new lamp
is inserted in the socket, the ballast resets, and
turns on the lamp automatically. Some shutdown
circuits require the power to be cycled before a
new lamp will re-light.
B
Ballast
An auxiliary piece of equipment required
to start and to properly control the flow of
current to gas discharge light sources such as
fluorescent and high intensity discharge (HID)
lamps.
Ballast Efficacy Factor (BEF)
Defined as ballast factor x 100 divided by input
watts. The value is used to evaluate various
lighting systems based on light output and
power input . The BEF can only be used to
compare systems operating the same type and
quantityof lamps.
Ballast Factor (BF)
This is the percentage of a lamp’s rated lumen
output that can be expected when operated on
a specific, commercially available ballast . For
example, a ballast with a ballast factor of 0.93
will result in the lamp’s emitting 93% of its rated
lumen output . A ballast with a lower BF results
in less light output and also generally consumes
less power.
Ballast Hum
Sound generated by the vibration of
laminations in the iron core of the transformer
or inductor present in the ballast .
Ballast Losses
Power or energy dissipated in the ballast as
heat and not converted to lamp energy.
Base or Socket
The socket is the receptacle connected to the
electrical supply; the base is the end of the
lamp that fits into the socket . There are many
types of bases used in lamps, screw bases
being the most common for incandescent and
HID lamps, while bipin bases are common for
linear fluorescent lamps.
Base Temperature (Maximum)
The maximum operating temperature permitted
for the base in Celsius. Fixture manufacturers
need to ensure that these conditions are
satisfied in their fixture.
Bayonet
A style of bulb base which uses keyways
instead of threads to connect the bulb to the
fixture base. The bulb is locked in place by
pushing it down and turning it clockwise.
Beam Angle
The angular dimension of the cone of light from
reflectorized lamps (such as R and PAR types)
encompassing the central part of the beam
out to the angle where the intensity is 50% of
maximum. The beam angle sometimes called
“beam spread” is often part of the ordering
code for the reflectorized lamps. Example: The
50PAR30/HIR/NFL25 is a 50 watt PAR30 narrow
flood lamp with a beam angle of 25 degrees
(See FIELD ANGLE).
Beam Lumens
The total lumens present within the portion of
the beam contained in the beam angle.
Beam Spread (Approximate)
For reflector type lamps. The total angle of
the directed beam (in degrees horizontal or
vertical) to where the intensity of the beam
falls to 50% or 10% of the maximum
candlepower value as indicated.
Bi-Pin
Any base with two metal pins for electrical
contact . This is the typical base for a
fluorescent tube of 1 to 4 feet in length. It
consists of 2 prong contacts which connect
into the fixture. Medium bi-pins are used with
type T-8 and T-12 tubular fluorescent lamps,
and miniature bi-pins are used for tubular T-5
fluorescent lamps.