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XII.2
Biax™
GE trademark for its biaxial family of high-
efficiency and long-life compact fluorescent
lamps. DBX (Double Biax), TBX (Triple Biax)
and QBX (Quad Biax) refer to the number of
U-shaped legs present in the lamp.
Blackbody
A hot body with an incandescent black surface
at a certain temperature used as a standard
for comparison. Note that a black surface is the
best radiator possible. A tungsten filament will
emit slightly less radiation than a blackbody at
the same temperature.
Black Light
A popular term referring to a light source
emitting mostly near UV (320 to 400 nm) and
very little visible light .
Blacktop
Whether or not the top of the miniature lamp
has a blacktop coating. The coating is used to
control unwanted brightness or glare.
Bollard
A short , thick post with a light at its top, used for
grounds and outdoor walkway lighting.
Bottom Exit Studs (BES)
(LFL plug-in ballasts) A configuration with screw
studs mounted on the base plate or bottom
of the ballast . The screws are 3/8” inches long
with a #8-32 thread size (#8-32 nut). They are
mounted on a two-inch center. The studs are
usually used to mount the ballast directly onto
a junction box plate.
Bulb
A loose way of referring to a lamp. “Bulb” refers to
the outer glass bulb containing the light source.
Bulb Material or Coating
The type of glass (or quartz) used in the glass
envelope surrounding the light source. The
material can also have coatings applied to
achieve particular performances.
Bulb Size
Bulb shape followed by its size (the maximum
diameter of the bulb expressed in eighths of
an inch). For Compact Fluorescent products,
“S”, “D”, “T”, and “Q” are used to represent
Single, Double, Triple and Quad Biax® sizes.
The code also includes a reference such as T4
to represent the size of the tube. Rectangular
headlamps are designated as “Rect” and the
number of millimeters horizontally.
C
Canadian Energy Standards
Indicates ballast complies with Canadian
Energy Standards and meets the requirements
of CAN/CSA C654-M91.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
An organization that writes standards and tests
lighting equipment for performance as well as
electrical and fire safety. Canadian provincial
laws generally require that all products sold
for consumer use in Canada must have CSA or
equivalent approval.
Candela [cd]
The measure of luminous intensity of a source
in a given direction. The term has been retained
from the early days of lighting when a standard
candle of a fixed size and composition was
defined as producing one candela in every
direction. A plot of intensity versus direction
is called a candela distribution curve and is
often provided for reflectorized lamps and for
luminaires with a lamp operating in them.
Candlepower
An obsolete term for luminous intensity; current
practice is to refer to this simply as candelas
(see CANDELA).
Candlepower (Mean Spherical)
Initial mean spherical candlepower at the
design voltage. Mean spherical candlepower
is the generally accepted method of rating the
total light output of miniature lamps. To convert
this rating to lumens, multiply it by 12.57 (4 pi).
Candlepower Distribution Curve
A graphical presentation of the distribution
of light intensity of a light source, usually a
reflector lamp or luminaire.
Capacitor
Device in an electronic circuit (part of ballast
or a separate element) that stores electrical
energy. Often used for power factor correction
and lamp regulation.
Cathode
The “negative” terminal of a diode/arc.
Cathode Resistance
Resistance of the cathode in a Fluorescent
lamp. It is measured “cold” before the lamp is
turned on (Rc) or “hot” after the lamp is turned
on (Rh). The ratio of the hot resistance to the
cold resistance is also measured (Rh/Rc).
Center Beam Candlepower (CBCP)
Refers to the luminous intensity at the center of
the beam of a blown or pressed reflector lamp
(such as a PAR lamp). Measured in candelas.
Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH)
A type of metal halide lamp that uses a
ceramic material for the arc tube instead of
glass quartz, resulting in better colour rendering
(>80 CRI) and improved lumen maintenance.
GE ConstantColor™ CMH lamps feature a
3-piece arc tube design that delivers excellent
colour consistency and lamp reliability.
Chip
A very small square of semi-conducting
material. Also known as a “die,” it is the “active”
light-emitting component of an LED.
Chromaticity
Measure to identify the colour of a light source,
typically expressed as (x,y) coordinates on a
chromaticity chart (See COLOUR TEMPERATURE).
Chromaticity Coordinates
A system for measuring the colour of the light
emitted from a light source-either a primary
source like a lamp or a secondary source like an
illuminated object . Usually two numbers,
x and y coordinates ranging from 0 to 1 specify
the chromaticity.
Class P Thermal Protector
A switching device sensitive to current and
heat that automatically disconnects ballast
if the temperature exceeds UL temperature
limitations.
Coefficient of Utilization (CU)
In general lighting calculations, the fraction of
initial lamp lumens that reach the work plane.
CU is a function of luminaire efficiency, room
surface reflectances and room shape.
Coil
Windings of copper or aluminum wire
surrounding the steel core in ballast . Also refers
to the entire assembly comprising the inductor
or transformer.
Colour Bin
LEDs are often sorted according to their
CIE chromaticity coordinates into different
groupings or “bins.”